Early life Adversity,functional connectivity and cognitive performance in Schizophrenia: The mediating role of IL-6

ObjectiveExposure to childhood trauma (CT) is associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and deficits in social cognition in particular. Here, we sought to test whether IL-6 mediated the association between CT and social cognition both directly, and sequentially via altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity.MethodsThree-hundred-and-eleven participants (104 patients and 207 healthy participants) were included, with MRI data acquired in a subset of n = 147. CT was measured using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). IL-6 was measured in both plasma and in toll like receptor (TLR) stimulated whole blood. The CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) was administered to assess social cognition, and cortical connectivity was assessed based on resting DMN connectivity.ResultsHigher IL-6 levels, measured both in plasma and in toll-like receptor (TLR-2) stimulated blood, were significantly correlated with higher CTQ scores and lower cognitive and social cognitive function. Plasma IL-6 was further observed to partly mediate the association between higher CT scores and lower emotion recognition performance (CTQ total: β_indirect −0.0234, 95% CI: −0.0573 to −0.0074; CTQ physical neglect: β_indirect = −0.0316, 95% CI: −0.0741 to −0.0049). Finally, sequential mediation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels and DMN connectivity in mediating the effects of higher CTQ on lower social cognitive function (β_indirect = −0.0618, 95% CI: −0.1523 to −0.285).ConclusionThis work suggests that previous associations between CT and social cognition may be partly mediated via an increased inflammatory response. IL-6′s association with changes in DMN activity further suggest at least one cortical network via which CT related effects on cognition may be transmitted.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨预防肺疾一号方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的作用机制＊

目的 从分子层面探讨预防肺疾一号方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制，并探索预防肺疾一号方的潜在治疗靶点。方法 利用TCMSP数据库及BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选预防肺疾一号方的化合物成分，在PharmMapper数据库进行潜在靶点识别，然后使用David软件对靶点进行GO富集及KEGG通路富集分析，利用iGEMDOCK软件进行分子对接分析。结果 通过网络药理学方法分析预防肺疾一号方的6味中药，发现其有效化学成分有58个，对应47个作用靶点；通过GO分析靶点富集出81个生物学过程、26个细胞组成及31个分子功能；通过KEGG分析得出靶点显著富集的信号通路有35条；分子对接分析得出，靶点CAT和化合物Daidzein-4，7-diglucoside的结合度最高。结论 预防肺疾一号方具有多成分、多靶点的作用特点，并通过参与多种生物过程，调控多条信号通路以预防新型冠状病毒肺炎并发挥其药理疗效。     

CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法在妇产科实习教学中的应用

目的探讨CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法在妇产科实习教学的应用。方法选取2019年2月-2020年2月在我院妇产科实习的学生52例,随机分成研究组和对照组各26例,对照组采用传统教学法,研究组采用CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法。结果研究组学习方法满意度明显高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组理论成绩、病例分析成绩以及实践操作成绩均高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组团队协作能力、妇产科知识认知能力、分析理解能力、临床思维能力以及理论联系实际能力等评分均高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论在妇产科实习教学期间应用CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法效果理想,可有效促进医学生综合能力提升。     

情境体验教学在临床急重症护理带教中的运用

目的分析情境体验教学在临床急重症护理带教中的运用效果。方法以2017年7月-2019年7月在我院实习的60名临床急重症护理实习生作为本次研究对象,通过双盲选法将60名护理实习生随机分为对照组(n=30)和研究组(n=30),对照组护理实习生的带教模式为传统护理带教,研究组护理实习生的带教模式为情境体验教学,比较两组护理实习生带教结束后的理论知识考核成绩、实操技能考核成绩以及护理能力评分差异。结果在理论知识考核成绩方面,对照组最终成绩明显低于研究组(P <0.05),在实操技能考核成绩方面,对照组最终成绩明显低于研究组(P <0.05)。在急救处置能力评分方面、护患沟通能力评分方面以及组织协调能力评分方面,对照组评分均明显低于研究组(P <0.05)。结论将情境体验教学模式应用于临床急重症护理带教中,不仅能够有效提高临床带教质量,同时还有利于进一步提升护理实习生的急救护理能力,具有良好的临床带教应用价值。     

Single-source dual energy CT to assess myocardial extracellular volume fraction in aortic stenosis before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)

PurposeTo assess myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement provided by a single-source dual-energy computed tomography (SSDE-CT) acquisition added at the end of a routine CT examination before transcatether aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methodsTwenty-one patients (10 men, 11 women; mean age, 86 ± 4.9 years [SD]; age range: 71–92 years) with severe aortic stenosis underwent standard pre-TAVI CT with additional cardiac SSDE-CT acquisition 7 minutes after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material and myocardial MRI including pre- and post-contrast T1-maps. Myocardial ECV and standard deviation (σECV) were calculated in the 16-segments model. ECV provided by SSDE-CT was compared to ECV provided by MRI, which served as the reference. Analyses were performed on a per-segment basis and on a per-patient involving the mean value of the 16-segments.ResultsECV was slightly overestimated by SSDE-CT (29.9 ± 4.6 [SD] %; range: 20.9%–48.3%) compared to MRI (29.1 ± 3.9 [SD] %; range: 22.0%–50.7%) (P < 0.0001) with a bias and limits of agreement of +2.3% (95%CI: −16.1%– + 20.6%) and +2.5% (95%CI: −2.1%– + 7.1%) for per-segment and per-patient-analyses, respectively. Good (r = 0.81 for per-segment-analysis) to excellent (r = 0.97 for per-patient-analysis) linear relationships (both P < 0.0001) were obtained. The σECV was significantly higher at SSDE-CT (P < 0.0001). Additional radiation dose from CT was 1.89 ± 0.38 (SD) mSv (range: 1.48–2.47 mSv).ConclusionA single additional SSDE-CT acquisition added at the end of a standard pre-TAVI CT protocol can provide ECV measurement with good to excellent linear relationship with MRI.     

Perceval Sutureless Aortic Valve Implantation: Midterm Outcomes

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